Stock assessment and management implications of anchovy kilka (Clupeonella engrauliformis) in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea

Recent changes in sea level of the Caspian Sea and ecological impacts caused by the invasive ctenophore (Mnemiopsis leidyi) have altered the ecosystem. A consequence is the changes in the absolute and relative abundance of the commercially important anchovy kilka (Clupeonella engrauliformis) in Iranian waters. To adjust to this change more rigorous management of this fishery is required. This paper examines the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and fishing intensity at MSY. The paper presents estimates of f_MSY, yield-per-recruit and spawning biomass-per-recruit under various harvest strategies of F_max, F_0.1 and F_40%. We propose a method for estimating acceptable biological catch (ABC) that accounts for large differences in the quality and quantity of information and available data. The MSY and f_MSY were estimated 44,652 mt (metric tons) and 18,609 vessel × nights (a unit of effort). The ABC was estimated at 2190 mt in 2004. In 2005, however, the catch of anchovy kilka was about 4300, over twice the estimated ABC. In 2008 (from January to October) the catch declined to 220 mt. The analyses indicate that overfishing, especially between 2005 and 2008, is the main reason of the collapse of anchovy kilka in the Caspian Sea.     

Penman-Monteith与Penman修正式计算塔里木盆地参考作物潜在腾发量比较

利用1989~1996年阿克苏水平衡试验站的气象资料,对Penman-Monteith公式和Penman修正式计算的参考作物潜在腾发量进行了比较。Penman修正式计算的参考作物潜在腾发量年值略大于Penman-Monteith公式计算的年值,绝对偏差为42~128 mm,相对偏差为3.3~9.8%,且年际间变化不大。各月的参考作物潜在腾发量变化较大,绝对偏差可正可负,1、2、12月小于0,3~10月大于0,相对误差1、12月较大,2、11月较小,其它月份变化不大。导致计算偏差的原因在于两种公式采用了不同的辐射项和空气动力项计算公式和参数。两种公式计算的参考作物潜在腾发量具有显著的线性相关性。     

The canine T wave: a retrospective analysis on qualitative and quantitative T wave variables obtained in 129 healthy dogs and proposed reference intervals

Introduction/objectiveThe T wave is a poorly characterized electrocardiographic variable in small animals. Therefore, this study aimed to describe T wave features in a large population of healthy dogs.Animals, materials, and methodsMedical records were reviewed to identify healthy dogs ≥one-year-olds that underwent an electrocardiogram. T wave qualitative (morphology, polarity, and concordance between R and T waves) and quantitative (duration, amplitude, mean electrical axis, ratio between T and R waves amplitudes, interval from the peak to the end of the T wave, and ratio between the duration of the latter interval and that of the QT) variables were evaluated. Continuous and categorical variables were compared between dogs of distinct sex, body weight (BW), age and somatotype using the Mann–Whitney U test and χ² test, respectively. Spearman's correlation coefficients between quantitative variables and age and BW were calculated. Reference intervals of quantitative variables were determined in the overall population.ResultsOne hundred and twenty-nine dogs were enrolled. Concerning morphology, the asymmetrical (slow/fast) pattern occurred more frequently than the symmetrical and biphasic ones. Concerning polarity, positive T waves occurred more frequently than negative and neutral ones. T and R waves were predominantly concordant. No meaningful differences were found when comparing qualitative and quantitative variables between dogs of distinct sex, BW, age and somatotype. No significant correlations were found between quantitative variables and age and BW. Reference intervals of quantitative variables are provided.ConclusionsCanine T wave features were addressed and statistically reliable reference intervals made available for clinical use.     

南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼管理策略及中国的对策

2019年中西部太平洋海域南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼总渔获量为85050吨，比2017年的渔获量峰值少8365吨，其中96%的渔获量由延绳钓渔船捕捞。2018年南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼最新的资源评估结果表明该鱼种既没有资源型过度捕捞，也没有努力量型过度捕捞。中西部太平洋渔业委员会（WCPFC）于2005年首次通过了南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼管理措施，旨在限制公约区南纬20°以南的捕捞努力量。2014年WCPFC通过了捕捞控制规则的养护和管理措施，并制定了发展南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼管理策略的工作计划。南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼管理目标，目的是将南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼资源维持在临时目标参考点以上。在此基础上，通过南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼管理路线图，修订新的南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼养护和管理措施。本文分析了中西部太平洋渔业委员会南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼管理措施的制定和修订历程，分析南太平洋岛国提出的基于专属经济区的渔业管理制度对中国南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼渔业的影响，探讨了中国南太平洋长鳍金枪鱼渔业的调整方向和初步应对策略。     

Physiological shift of the ventricular mean electrical axis in healthy French Bulldogs: a retrospective electrocardiographic analysis of 80 healthy dogs

Introduction/objectivesWhether a brachymorphic conformation may lead to electrocardiographic peculiarities diverging from generic reference intervals (RIs) cited in textbooks remains to be established. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating electrocardiographic variables in one of the most common brachymorphic breed, namely the French Bulldog (FB).Animals, materials and methodsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed to identify healthy FBs ≥1-year-old that underwent an electrocardiogram. The Mann–Whitney U test or the Student's t-test was used to compare continuous variables among male and female dogs, while the χ² test was used for categorical variables. Spearman's correlation coefficients between electrocardiographic measurements and age and body weight were also calculated. Moreover, electrocardiographic RIs were determined.ResultsEighty healthy FBs were enrolled; their electrocardiographic variables fitted with generic RIs, with the exception of the QRS-complex mean electrical axis (QRS-MEA). The median QRS-MEA value was 43.5° (from −18° to +90°). A QRS-MEA shift was found in 24/80 (30%) dogs; in all cases, it was a left shift (median 26°, from −18° to +39°). Specifically, 20 dogs showed a slight left shift (from +39° to +14°), while four dogs showed a marked one (from +9° to −18°). No meaningful differences were found when comparing electrocardiographic variables between males and females. No significant correlations between electrocardiographic variables and age or body weight were found, with the exceptions of the P-wave amplitude, PQ-interval duration and QT-interval duration.ConclusionsHealthy FBs can present a left shift of QRS-MEA. These data should be considered when interpreting FBs’ electrocardiograms.     

《食品标准与法规》新形态教材建设研究

“互联网+教育”时代背景下，传统教材已难以满足职业教育需求。在研讨教材体例、优化教材内容、建设教学资源、转变学习方式的建设思路下，分别从编写团队组建、建设内容安排、教学资源建设、课程平台搭建4个维度对《食品标准与法规》新形态教材进行了建设研究。新形态教材引入信息化技术，以丰富多彩的展现形式介绍专业知识和技能，能有效提高学习效率，制得推广应用。